War between nations, while as old as human history itself, is now governed by a set of international laws designed to limit its destructive impact. These laws, known as the laws of war or international humanitarian law, are aimed at regulating armed conflict, protecting civilians, and ensuring some degree of humanity even in times of war. Understanding the legal frameworks that guide warfare between nations is essential in grasping how the global community seeks to prevent unnecessary suffering.
The Legal Basis for War: Jus ad Bellum
1. The United Nations Charter
The United Nations (UN) Charter is the cornerstone of modern international law on the use of force between states. According to Article 2(4) of the UN Charter, the use of force by one state against another is generally prohibited. This norm is the bedrock of the international order established after World War II, designed to prevent the devastation …